为虚拟机挂载一块新硬盘，用于实验（/dev/sdb）
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| [root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
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查看 VG
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| [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <19.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4863
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 85pJBT-lfvE-sptt-ywZF-j8Ya-m1Xg-ch4Qyf
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将新硬盘加入 centos VG 中
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| [root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
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再次查看 VG
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| [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 38.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9982
Alloc PE / Size 4863 / <19.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 5119 / <20.00 GiB
VG UUID 85pJBT-lfvE-sptt-ywZF-j8Ya-m1Xg-ch4Qyf
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通过上面的信息可以看出 VG 容量扩大了
查看现有的 lv 卷
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| [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID 52CL0Y-FldW-4wuO-fV1s-qtAl-oKR5-vPI2uZ
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-10 12:03:59 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID QL4fK3-RjZ0-5XXd-ghsm-W0DQ-Gp3m-A4z45J
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-10 12:03:59 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <17.00 GiB
Current LE 4351
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
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目前只有 swap 和 root 两个 lv
创建新的 lv 卷（test_lv）
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| [root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n test_lv centos
Logical volume "test_lv" created.
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查看 test_lv
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| [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/centos/test_lv
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/test_lv
LV Name test_lv
VG Name centos
LV UUID qUnC6d-dyn0-7f0C-TC3B-dmi1-ncwF-30CJug
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-12-16 10:36:54 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
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使用 test_lv
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| [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/centos/test_lv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /test
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/centos/test_lv /test
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─centos-test_lv 253:2 0 5G 0 lvm /test
sr0 11:0 1 906M 0 rom
# 为了开机自动挂载，将挂载信息写入 /etc/fstab 文件中
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/dev/centos/test_lv /test ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
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现在需要对 root lv 进行动态扩容，vg 中剩余的所有空间都分给 root lv，操作步骤如下
查看 vg
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| [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 38.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9982
Alloc PE / Size 6143 / <24.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 3839 / <15.00 GiB
VG UUID 85pJBT-lfvE-sptt-ywZF-j8Ya-m1Xg-ch4Qyf
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通过上面的信息可以看出，还有 15G 剩余空间可以供分配 (3839 个 PE, 一个 PE 大小为 4M )
现在将 VG 剩余所有空间分配给 root lv
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| [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +15G /dev/centos/root
Insufficient free space: 3840 extents needed, but only 3839 available
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直接使用容量大小时提示可分配空间不足，此我们可以使用 -l 参数通过分配 PE 个数完成扩容操作
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| [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +3839 /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 31.99 GiB (8190 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
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通过 PE 个数分配成功
查看 root lv 信息
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| [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay /dev/centos/root
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID QL4fK3-RjZ0-5XXd-ghsm-W0DQ-Gp3m-A4z45J
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-10 12:03:59 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 31.99 GiB
Current LE 8190
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
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再通过 df 查看
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| [root@localhost ~]# df -hl
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.5G 16G 9% /
devtmpfs 224M 0 224M 0% /dev
tmpfs 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 236M 5.5M 230M 3% /run
tmpfs 236M 0 236M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 48M 0 48M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/centos-test_lv 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /test
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可以看出硬盘空间分配成功，但没有刷新
刷新分区信息
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| [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/centos/root
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/centos/root
Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
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我们使用 resize2fs 命令刷新分区信息出错，这是由于 root lv 的文件系统为 xfs 需要使用 xfs_growfs 命令
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| [root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 8386560
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再次 df -hl 查看大小
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| [root@localhost ~]# df -hl
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 32G 1.5G 31G 5% /
devtmpfs 224M 0 224M 0% /dev
tmpfs 236M 0 236M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 236M 5.5M 230M 3% /run
tmpfs 236M 0 236M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 130M 885M 13% /boot
tmpfs 48M 0 48M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/centos-test_lv 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /test
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root lv 的容量大小已刷新成功了